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Have you ever wondered how electricity travels from power plants to your home, powering everything from lights to appliances? The answer lies in a remarkable invention known as the transformer. Despite their complexity, transformers play a vital role in our everyday lives, making electricity safe and accessible. Let's dive into the world of transformers and uncover their fascinating workings.
What is a Transformer?
At its core, a transformer is a device that changes the voltage of electricity. Voltage is like the force that pushes electricity through wires. High voltage is used for long-distance transmission, while low voltage is safer for everyday use in homes and businesses. Transformers help convert electricity to the right voltage for different purposes.
Is transformer produce heat on working ? Yes due to joules heating law of current and as( H= I(2)RT) where R-resistance & T- temperature
Transformer is a electrical devices which used to change alternating voltages. Types of Transformers
There are two main types of transformers: step-up transformers and step-down transformers. Step-up transformers increase voltage, making it suitable for long-distance transmission over power lines. Step-down transformers decrease voltage to safer levels for use in homes and businesses.
And transformer are of two types
A) step-up transformer
B) step down transformer
And transformer have some types of energy loss like copper loss(it occur due to joules heating effect of current and can be cured by reduce of thick copper wire) and magnetostriction(humming noise of transformer when primarily winding is 90% of secondary winding) and hysteresis loss(due to magnetization and demagnetization of iron core when ac is fed in them) and iron loss (it occur due to energy loss in iron core and eddy current is created in iron core and can be cured by use of laminated cores) .
It was discovered by Michael Faraday and Joseph Henry. And in this device primary and secondary winding are taken on copper coils are given no. Of turns and copper wire is good conductor of electricity. So it is based on principles of Faraday law of mutual induction that whenever magnetic flux is changing emf(electromotive force) is induced in the coils. And of magnetic flux of both primary and secondary winding are same so (p1/n1) =(p2/n2) where p2 is secondary winding and p1 is primary winding as n1 is no. Of turns in primary winding and n2 is no. Of turns in secondary winding. So as if there is no energy loss then according to law of conservation of energy the (I1E1=I2E2). And in homes normal voltage comes is (220v, 50hz). And transformer always work on alternating current not on DC (direct current). And in it the power loss is (p=i(2)R) . And it has some efficiency as well i.e.( n=E2I2/E1I1) and transformer is used in TV and ac used to transmit across over long distance at high voltage so that R is small and power loss is less and dc can't be transferred to long distance.
A) step-up transformer
B) step down transformer
And transformer have some types of energy loss like copper loss(it occur due to joules heating effect of current and can be cured by reduce of thick copper wire) and magnetostriction(humming noise of transformer when primarily winding is 90% of secondary winding) and hysteresis loss(due to magnetization and demagnetization of iron core when ac is fed in them) and iron loss (it occur due to energy loss in iron core and eddy current is created in iron core and can be cured by use of laminated cores) .
It was discovered by Michael Faraday and Joseph Henry. And in this device primary and secondary winding are taken on copper coils are given no. Of turns and copper wire is good conductor of electricity. So it is based on principles of Faraday law of mutual induction that whenever magnetic flux is changing emf(electromotive force) is induced in the coils. And of magnetic flux of both primary and secondary winding are same so (p1/n1) =(p2/n2) where p2 is secondary winding and p1 is primary winding as n1 is no. Of turns in primary winding and n2 is no. Of turns in secondary winding. So as if there is no energy loss then according to law of conservation of energy the (I1E1=I2E2). And in homes normal voltage comes is (220v, 50hz). And transformer always work on alternating current not on DC (direct current). And in it the power loss is (p=i(2)R) . And it has some efficiency as well i.e.( n=E2I2/E1I1) and transformer is used in TV and ac used to transmit across over long distance at high voltage so that R is small and power loss is less and dc can't be transferred to long distance.
How Do Transformers Work?
Transformers work on a simple yet ingenious principle called electromagnetic induction. Imagine two coils of wire wrapped around a metal core. One coil, called the primary coil, is connected to a power source, while the other coil, called the secondary coil, is connected to the electrical device.
When an alternating current (AC) flows through the primary coil, it creates a changing magnetic field around the metal core. This changing magnetic field induces a voltage in the secondary coil, which then powers the electrical device. By varying the number of turns in each coil, transformers can step up or step down the voltage as needed.
Applications of Transformers
Transformers are everywhere, quietly working behind the scenes to keep our world powered. They're used in power plants to step up voltage for transmission, in substations to step it down for distribution, and in homes to provide the right voltage for appliances. Without transformers, electricity would be much less efficient and more dangerous to use.
Safety and Maintenance
While transformers are robust devices, they still require regular maintenance to ensure safe and reliable operation. This includes inspections, testing, and occasional repairs or replacements. Additionally, safety measures such as proper grounding and insulation help protect against electrical hazards.
Conclusion
Transformers may seem like complex machines, but their underlying principles are surprisingly simple. By harnessing the power of electromagnetic induction, transformers enable the safe and efficient transmission of electricity, powering our modern world. From the humble light bulb to the bustling metropolis, transformers quietly play a vital role in keeping the lights on and the world moving forward. And(I2/I1=N1/N2=k) where k is transformation ratio.
And to get more explanation link is given below-
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